This is the same element which developed into copulative a in Ancient Greek. He explains the Germanic stem * sum- as ultimately deriving from Proto-Indo-European * sṃ- prefix, the zero-grade of ablaut of * sem "one, together". Erades argues that these cognates go back to Common Germanic * sumil or * sumal "gathering" (in the last case, with ablaut in the suffix). Ī number of earlier scholars have argued for a borrowing from Latin symbola, Against this derivation (in the case of OE symbel), P.A. The prevalent view today is that Old English symbel, Old Saxon symbal, sumbal ( Old High German *sumbal) and Old Norse sumbl, all of which translate roughly as "feast, banquet, (social) gathering", continue a Common Germanic *sumlan "banquet", which would correspond to a PIE *sṃ-lo- "joint meal" or "congregation" (literally, symposium or assembly). Bauschatz in 1976 suggested that the term reflects a pagan ritual which had a "great religious significance in the culture of the early Germanic people". Symbel ( OE) and sumbl ( ON) are Germanic terms for "feast, banquet".Īccounts of the symbel are preserved in the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf (lines 489-6–1500), Dream of the Rood (line 141) and Judith (line 15), Old Saxon Heliand (line 3339), and the Old Norse Lokasenna (stanza 8) as well as other Eddic and Saga texts, such as in the Heimskringla account of the funeral ale held by King Sweyn, or in the Fagrskinna. For the legendary king, see Sumble (Finnish king).
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